BIOL 2200: Introduction to Microbiology
Study Guide for Exam 3
What is a vaccine? What is an ideal vaccine? What are vaccines made from?
Think about viral evolution. Why isn’t there a vaccine against the common cold?
Think about viral evolution. Why is there a new influenza vaccine every year?
Name and describe the six steps of the viral infection of a human cell (Use specific terminology). Illustrate these steps with an example from class.
Name an RNA virus and a DNA virus that we have studied in class. Describe how they differ in structure. Once they are inside a host cell, describe how the infection process differs between RNA and DNA viruses (name a step or steps of the infection process and describe a difference).
Draw the nucleocapsid of a helical virus, and label its parts. Describe the class of macromolecule that each part is composed of.
Draw the nucleocapsid of an enveloped icosohedral virus, and label its parts. Describe the class of macromolecule that each part is composed of.
Describe how the replication of a retrovirus is different than the replication of a virus such as chicken pox. Which processes do both kinds of virus undergo? What processes are unique to retroviruses?
What is distinct about the structure/components of a retrovirus?
Define and give an example of :folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle and macule, papule and pustule
Name a disease caused by a eukaryote. Name a disease caused by a virus. What challenges are faced when treating a eukaryotic disease that differ from the challenges faced when treating a bacterial infection? What challenges are unique to treating a viral disease?
Name and describe the major modes of transmission of disease-causing organisms, and give an example of each using a disease we have studied in class.
Fill out the following tables
(Concentrate on the diseases you hear about in class)
| Pathogen and disease | Capsid shape | Genome composition | Viral family |
| SARS-CoV2: Covid 19 | |||
| Rubella virus: German Measles | |||
| Measles (Rubeola) | |||
| Chicken pox (Varicella) | |||
|
Pathogen and disease |
Major symptoms and signs | Reservoir and Mode of transmission | Treatment/Prevention |
| SARS-CoV2: Covid19 | |||
| Rubella virus: German Measles | |||
| Measles (Rubeola) | |||
| Chicken pox (Varicella) | |||
Note—Terms on fact sheets may show up in matching question or multiple choice questions
Synthesis questions:
Chose two of the viruses above to compare and contrast. (The best answers describe pairs of viruses with some similarities and some differences.) Describe in full sentences how they are similar and how they differ. Be sure to consider each of the categories of information in the table above in your answer.
What is the difference between a reservoir and a host? Explain using complete sentences and at least one example.
At the beginning of the COVID-10 pandemic, people were concerned about the possibility of transmission of the virus via respiratory droplets, aerosols, and fomites. Explain how each of these modes of transmission is distinct, and explain your answer using at least one example.
Draw and label a fungal cell. What is similar between a fungal cell and a human cell? What is distinct between a fungal cell and a human cell?
Name the three kinds of symbiosis, and give a definition of each. Choose one kind of symbiosis and describe a fungal interaction with humans that illustrates your definition.
Think about the project we are working on in lab. Why might our lab procedure yield potentially new antibiotics, but probably not any chemicals that are antiviral? (Hint, – think about Koch’s postulates)